International · Comparison

Best European Countries for Investment Residency in 2026

Bruna BarretoBy CEO — Bruna Barreto 11 Aug 2026

The European map changed significantly in 2025

For those evaluating Europe as a residency-by-investment destination, 2025 was a year of major transformations. Malta closed the only European program offering direct citizenship by investment. Spain abolished its Golden Visa. Cyprus removed the last vestiges of an informal citizenship route. The market contracted — and the programs that remained active gained added relevance.

In 2026, the comparison is simpler: there are fewer options, existing programs have distinct characteristics, and the right choice depends heavily on what each investor is looking for — mobility, cost, real estate, citizenship, or a combination of several factors.

Portugal — Schengen, flexibility, funds

The Portuguese Golden Visa is, in 2026, the most sought-after European residency-by-investment program among non-EU investors. Its strengths are the combination of immediate Schengen access, minimal stay requirement (7 days/year), family inclusion, and a structured path to European citizenship. The minimum €500,000 investment in CMVM funds excludes real estate — a limitation for investors who prefer tangible assets, but represents greater regulatory stability for the program. The naturalization timeline (7 years for CPLP, 10 years for other nationalities) was extended in May 2026, but Portugal remains competitive against available alternatives.

Greece — Real estate, differentiated thresholds

Greece maintains real estate as the main route of its Golden Visa, with a differentiated threshold system: €800,000 in the most sought-after areas (Athens, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini, and islands with more than 3,100 inhabitants), €400,000 in other regions, and €250,000 for certain types of renovation properties. The Greek Golden Visa grants 5-year renewable residency with no stay obligation. Greece is a Schengen member, but Golden Visa holders only have the standard 90-days-in-180 visit rights in other Schengen countries — not the unrestricted freedom of movement of EU citizens. Citizenship is available after 7 years of effective residency.

Cyprus — Permanent residency, no Schengen

The Cypriot Golden Visa (permanent residency, not citizenship) has a lower entry threshold (€300,000) but requires a minimum annual income of €50,000 from a foreign source. Residency is permanent from the outset — an administrative advantage — but Cyprus is not part of the Schengen area, which limits holders' European mobility. It is a relevant option for those who value Cypriot real estate investment and do not have Schengen as a priority.

Malta — Residency only, no direct citizenship

Following the closure of the citizenship program, Malta offers the MPRP (Malta Permanent Residency Programme) with a minimum investment of €150,000. It grants permanent residency in Malta, without access to direct citizenship by investment. Malta is part of the Schengen area. For those seeking only European residency at a low entry threshold, the MPRP is one of the most accessible options available — but without the citizenship path that the previous program offered.

Italy — Investor visa and other mechanisms

Italy does not have a Golden Visa in the classical sense, but has the Investor Visa for Italy, requiring investments from €250,000 in Italian startups or €500,000 in established companies. It is a less sought-after but active program. Italy is a Schengen member and has a path to citizenship after 10 years of legal residency (with exceptions for citizens of Italian-speaking countries).

How to choose: the right questions

Choosing the most appropriate program depends on honestly answering some fundamental questions:

  • Is Schengen a priority? If so, Portugal or Greece are the strongest options. Cyprus does not offer Schengen.
  • Do you want real estate investment? Portugal does not accept real estate. Greece and Cyprus do.
  • What is the citizenship horizon? Portugal offers 7 years (CPLP) or 10 years. Greece and Cyprus require effective residency, meaning actually living in the country.
  • What is the investment capacity? Malta (MPRP) starts from €150,000; Cyprus from €300,000; Greece from €250,000 to €800,000; Portugal from €500,000.
  • Do you want to include family? All active programs allow spouse and children; Portugal is more flexible for including parents.

Comparing programs across multiple countries?

Each program has trade-offs that look different depending on your nationality, investment capacity, and mobility goals. Our team can help you map the best option for your situation.